Communication Process Paper Essay

Communication process is a very important aspect with the help of which people send messages verbal including sentences, words, and messages nonverbal including physical setting, facial expression, and behavior. Communication patterns have changed because of changing nature of interaction between people. Communication allows business to coordinate and unify common goals. An open communication policy in business where the employees may come to the supervisors and voice his or her likes as well as dislikes. The business will have a workable environment for everyone. As the message passes through this medium, there is noise and which changes the message into something different from what was sent. These are otherwise known as the barriers to effective communication. Noise can be static or anything that distracts from the intended massage. Example, if there a meeting going on in the workplace and two employees are talking in the background. An individual will become distracted of what th e meeting is about. Communication process Paper The climates in most workplace are cool if it is an inside job. So individual may be comfortable communicating with one and another. Some people believe the environment tan make a difference with the way an individual communicate. Communication is vital in the workplace and it the primary means to convey the proper message. Most jobs have shift work and needs to communicate from one shift to another. This may be done by verbal or written in paper. A business climate most likely creates within levels of management and spreads from there. The strength and weakness of any organization are only good or bad as the individuals who work there. If there an open policy where employees can communication with his or her supervisors as they please. This procedure will make the workplace environment workable for everyone. Every employee in the workplace should voice his or her opinion toward the supervisor without been afraid of the outcome. Everyone has some weaknesses and strengths in communication as a result of psychological and personal peculiarities, and every day communication patterns. Verbal written communication is my strength. My weakness is nonverbal communication because in some situations I am not sure what behavior patterns I should follow, for instance, speaking with strangers, or the police. Sometimes I believe cultural or social barriers communicating with others, I have strong verbal communication skills because I spend much time communicating with my friends on the Internet. This way I can communicate with several people at the same time, and save time on phone calls or visiting them. This form of communication is very popular because it transmits information to the individuals and receives reply rapidly. I have good written skills and can clearly express opinion in several sentences. This strength is logical, concise, and informative messages, which help the recipient to grasp the idea at once. Good written skills used in the criminal justice system and other business. Years ago the senior management committee of some business, there strategies for doing everything from changing policies to dealing with employees discussed behind closed doors. Once those decisions made by management, the supervisors were asked to put those decisions into effect. The employees had little to no input on those matters. The employees did as they were told or had to find a new job. Today some management team members listen to what the employees have to say before making a decision on changing the policies. Most business in the present encourages employees to take an active part in their company. The employees who work on production line may know some ways to improve the lines. Some manager may pass out certain type of rewards for his or her ideals. Communication process with employees can be a difficult task. It may take knowing what an individual have to say to communicate in a way to receive desired result. Communications to employees come from several areas within the organization, the director, human resources, the program manager, and other management team. Every employee need to know what is happening within the company. The company will not achieve if the employees are not contribute what expected of him or her. That why a well-organized internal communication strategy required to create the ideal mindset within the company. Reference Communicating Effectively with Employees Retrieved on July 12, 2011 from http://www. learningspaces.njit.edu/Elliot/content/communicating-effectively employee

Notes- Shareholder Remedies

Pages 552-565: Compulsory Liquidation Remedies 1. Introduction * Deficiency of current law: (1) despite introduction of statutory derivative action, formulation is unclear and scope is uncertain (2) focus on single act/transaction rather than whole picture/pattern/period (3) remedies are directed to particular transaction and confined to restraint of conduct, Recovery of property or ordering of financial compensation * Statutory remedies fall into 2 categories a.Compulsory liquidation remedies courts can order winding up of company if: – court is of opinion that it is just and equitable that company be wound up s461(k) – directors acted in affairs of company in own interest, not interest of members a whole, or any other manner that appears to be unfair/unjust to other members s461(e) – affairs of company are being conducted in manner that is oppressive or unfairly prejudicial to or unfairly discriminatory against a member or in manner that is contrary to interest s of members as a whole s461(f) – act/omission or proposed act/omission by or on behalf of company or a resolution or proposed resolution of a class or members of the company was or would be oppressed or unfairly prejudicial to, unfairly discriminated against a member(s) or was or would be contrary to interest of members as a whole s461(g) b. emedies for oppression or injustice: Pt2F. 1 wider range of remedies to oppressed/injustice refer to wk 11 last page 2. The just and equitable ground a. History and broad scope of the remedy * just and equitable that company be wound up s461(k) traced back to English Act of 1848 * History p 553-555 b. Re Tivoli Freehold Ltd [1972] VICSC—applying just and equitable rules to wind up co: (i) just and equitable give court a wide discretion which must be exercised judicially (Baird vHenry Lees 1924) question of fact: all circumstances to be considered (ii) facts rendering it just and equitable to be wound up: more than one category may be applied in relief – determine best fit iii) regard to changing circumstances and developments in relation to company practices including relevant changes in law (iv) just and equitable to be wound up if it engages in acts which are entirely outside what can be fairly regarded as having been within the general intention and common understanding of member when they become members (v) wound up due to failure (Galbraith v Meito Shipping CO 1947): failure not evidence by discontinuance of business activities- even if for a lengthy time. TEST of failure: ‘business w/in objects of incorporation should have become at least in the practical sense ‘impossible’ (vi) prime source for ascertaining intention and common understanding of members i the company’s memorandum of association which among other things states its object HELD: equitable and just to be wound up. c.Ebrahimi v Westbourne Galleries Ltd [1973] * FACTS: Def via general meeting voted to remove pl from office as director. Pl petitioned to wind up co on just and equitable grounds. * LAW: Where acts show a dissolution of partnership between them, a winding up may be ordered, use of ‘just and equitable’ in partnership act supports this * Rights of members governed by articles of association and have contractual force- court can dispense parties from obligation where they have been excluded from management * Exception: prove that exclusion was not made bona fide in the interest of the company * Elements for just and equitable wind up i. ssociation formed or continued on basis of personal r/ship involving mutual confidence (usually found where pre-existing partnership in turned into a limited company ii. an agreement, or understanding, that all or some of the shareholders shall participate in the conduct of the business iii. Restrictions upon the transfer of members’ interest in the company so that if confidence is lost one member is removed from management, he cannot take out his stake and go elsewhere HELD: wind up: exclusion of pl was not for best interest of company as whole Application of quasi-partnership analogy in AUSTRALIA * 3 groups of decisions indicate scope of the clause for subjection legal rights to ‘equitable considerations’ arising from understanding b/wn corporators 1. A.Re Caratti Holdings Ltd: constitution gave its governing director power to acquire shares of other members at nominal value which they were originally issued power against a particular shareholder, although formally valid is sufficient grounds to apply order for wind up under the clause B. Kokotovich Constructions pty ltd v Wallington: winding up order made at the suit of a minority shareholder whose small shareholding was granted on formation of company, under sole proprietor, in recognition of ‘moral partnership’ founded upon a pre-existing intimate business relationship- winding up justified by continuing animosity between parties and risk of further oppression and limited nature of the company’s activities 2.City Meat CO pty Ltd: all company members where members of a single family who’d acquired shares via inheritance court held that majority shareholder ‘consistently ignored the rights, expectations and obligations’ of petitioners’ branch of family- wind up 3. Re Dalkeith Investments Ltd: shares in co divided equally b/wn former spouses and their daughter company was a ‘partnership in corporate form’= wind up 3. Directors acting in their own interest * s461(e) permits making of winding up order where directors have acted in affairs of company in their own interest rather than interest of company as a whole, or in a way that was unfair or unjust to other members * OBJ TEST: whether directors have acted in own interest etc or otherwise unfairly/unjustly * 461(e) compliments 461(f) and (g) a. Re Cumberlands Holding Ltd 1976 1. directors’ not limit to whole board act unanimously, ONLY met where shown that the effective majority has acted in its own interest or in the interest of one or more of those board members or even where on directors by some means caused his will to be carried into effect by board with result of personal interest being preferred 2. ‘directors’ same application in (e) 3. ‘affairs of the company’ wide interpretation, not limited to business/trade but encompass capital structure, dividend policy, voting rights, consideration of takeover offers 4. ‘own interest’ acted in interest of another company of which they are also directors/shareholders 5. ‘interest of members as a hole’: debate over interests of majority and minority directors preferred interest over that of significant section of members not apply preferred interest over one or more or perhaps some significant section of the members applies 6. appears’ doesn’t carry much weight 7. â €˜unjust or unfair’ discussed elsewhere b. Re Weedmans Ltd [1974] * The directors, other than the independents, failed to observe the requisite standard of commercial morality * Effect of failure: reacted unfairly and unjustly against other members * They could have had the allotment set aside, but didn’t ask for that feature so in absence of a case for relief under Pt2F. 1 there is no other remedy before the justice other than to wind up. Pages 122-130: Insolvency * Winding up * Voluntary administration * Receivership * Creditor’s scheme or arrangement (loan default) 1. Voluntary administration * Pt5. A: provides an inexpensive procedure capable of being implemented swiftly and flexibly and offering alternative options for creditors for dealing with financially trouble company * Outcomes available: a. co will resume operation w/ deferred/reduced debt burden under deed of company arrangement approved by creditors b. secured creditor will exercise right to app oint receiver to obtain repayment of its debts by disposal of company assets and who will effectively displace the administrator while doing so c. Creditors will vote to put company into liquidation * Voluntary administration is usually initiated by company itself where directors resolve that: a. In their opinion the company is insolvent or likely to become insolvent at some future time AND b. nd administrator of the company should be appointed s435A * While under administration, administrator has control of company’s property and business s437A * Powers of other corporate officer (i. e. directors) are suspended and may not be exercised except by written approval of administrator s437C(1) * Company officers are not removed from their offices by appointment of administrator s437C(2) * Administrator must be a registered liquidator who is independent of that company ss448B 448C * C company is solvent ONLY IF able to pay all its debts as and when they become due and payable s95A( 1) * Otherwise it is insolvent s95A(2)- test . :. ook at cash flow not balance b/wn assets and liabilities * If director of company in financial difficulties allows it to continue to trade and incur debts while insolvent, they may be personally liable for losses sustained by creditors ss588G s588FA * Voluntary administration offers directors safe harbour from future insolvent trading liability but with loss of control of company affairs, property and operations to administrator s437A-D * Administrator may be appointed by company s436B or by secured creditor who is entitled to enforce a charge over whole or substantially the whole of the company’s property s436C * Administrator to notify secured creditor of their appointment as soon as practical the next business day s2405A(3) * w/in 13 business days of administrators appointment, a substantial charge may enforce its charge, usually by appointment of receiver or other agent s441A * if substantial charge opts to enforce charge by virtue of higher power than administrator may supplant the administration s442D(1) * IF the substantial charge must enforce charge in relation to all property of company subject of it and does not have the option of appointing receiver to some small part only of the company’s property, if they wish to over override power of administrator s441A(1)(b) ‘all or nothing’ (Harmer report) * If no substantial chargee or opt not to enfore charge, there is a general moratorium upon action/proceedings against company and its property by creditors and owners or lessors of property used by company ss440A-D and F * Moratorium provides a period for investigation and collective assessment of option w/out scramble for individual recover.. expectation for proceedings to commence before the administration’s commencement or in espect of perishable property ss441F-Gs * During admin there us a stay of enforcement of guarantees given by directors or their relative of a libali ty of their company without the leave of the court s440J * As soon as practice admin’or must investigate the company’s business, property and financial circumstances s438A * w/in 5 business days appoint committee of creditors to consult with s436E&F * at this first meeting, creditors may also replace the administrator with person of own choosing s436E(4) * w/in 21 days of appointment, admin’or must convene meeting to decide future of company s439A (28days for Christmas and Easter periods) * with the notice ofthe meeting, admin’ore muyst report to the creditors about company’s business, property and financial circumstances s439(4)(a) * at the meeting creditors may resolve: company execute deed of company arrangement specified in resolution, administration should end and company return to control of its directors company be wound up s439C * admin’or report must include statement of opinion and if deed of company arrangement is propose must inc lude report * resolution is passed at meeting of creditors it is decided on the voice unless demand a poll reg5. 6. 9 * deed of company arrangement might treat groups of creditors differently from order of application of assets under winding up, likely to prompt an application for its termination by court s445D * deed of company arrangement must preserve the priority available to employee creditors in a winding up unless employees agree to waive their priority – court may approve alteration of priorities if deed ensures same/better outcome for employee creditors result than from a wind up 444DA * if creditor accept deed then admin’or draws up deed for execution by co and deed admin’or within 21 days of resolution s444A-444B * voluntary admin end once company become subject to deed of company arrangements s435C(1)(b), (2)(a) * creditors right to indemnity and unaffected where debt is released by acceptance of terms of deed of co arrangement s444H * deed binds all unsecured and secured creditor, owners, lessors of prop used by co who voted for deed, the company, its officers, shareholders s444D, G * court may order that secured creditors etc who voted against the deed are nonetheless bound by it wgere enforcement of their rights would have material adverse effect on achievement of deed’s purpose and their interest will be adequately protected s444D(2), (3) 444F * court may declare deed void or validate it despite contravention Pt5. 3A, s445G * Pt 6D. 2 obliged disclosure obligations do not apply to equity for debt swap * Admin’or’s statement must indicate statement is not a prospectus . :. contain less info than prospectus s708(17A) * Court may alter times, the way in which deed operated in relation to a particular co s447A(1) where provisions are being abused the company is solvent s447A(2) * Order wind up power to supervise co under administrator or under deed of co administration s447E Receivership * Securities given by companies to lenders commonly grant the lender right when a defined act of default occurs to appoint a person to take possession and control either of a particular asset or group or assets or whole property. * Court may appoint receiver to protect particular property or funds of the company under s1323(1)(h) * ‘controller’ refers to a receiver, receiver and manager, mortagagee in possession or its agent s9 * Where receiver is appointed by court, directors’ powers over property are suspended and revive only upon termination of receivership Winding up a. Appointing of liquidator and its consequence winding up process leads to liquidation of co and termination of registration and existence – made by court order or voluntary s491(1) by members – voluntary wind up= unavailable where insolvent – requirement of resolution at separate meetings of members and creditors s491 497; creditors will appoint the liquidator and control the liquidatorâ€⠄¢s conduct – if 2nd meeting under voluntary admin and resolve to wind up.. moves to creditors voluntary winding up procedure s446A * Etc p 128 b. Order of application of company assets p128 – after the liquidator has realised the assets of the company, the funds are applied to discharing the claims of creditors – rule: ‘all debt and claims in winding up rank equally and if the property of the company is nsufficient to meet them in full, the must be paid proportionally s555 * Priority of debt and repayments where property available for repayment of creditors is insufficient for certain unsecured loans s561 * Unsecured claims are given priority in that they must be paid sequentially s556, 558 (i. e. liquidation expenses, wages, superannuation etc. * W/in each debt of each class ‘all debts are equal’ rule applies s559 c. Recovering property and compensation for benefit of creditors p129 * Pt 5. 7B structure for recovery of property or compensati on for benefit of credit of an insolvent company — complemented by Pt5. 8A in relation to agreements/transaction to avoid payment of employee entitlement * Pt5. B s588FE : avoidable transactions where entered into w/in specific time of winding up * S88FF: if voidable transaction – liquidator must seek court order concerning those transactions and orders releasing the company from debt and orders varying the terms of agreement or declaring them void/unenforceable * p129 d. Schemes of arrangement: used by company facing the prospect of insolvency to restructure its debts, typically through compromise of creditors’ claim// initiated by court order that meeting of creditors be convened for approval of explanatory statement to be sent with notice of meeting s411, 412 * Compromise must be approved by court after application to it s411(4)

The Biggest Archipelago In The Earth Environmental Sciences Essay

The Philippines is besides known as the democracy of the Philippines. It is fundamentally a south Asian state. It is an island located in the western Pacific ocean. The capital of Philippine is manila. The Philippines is fundamentally divided in to three parts geographically, viz. , Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. With all this islands combined the state ‘s coastline is 5th largest in the universe. It covers 36,289 kilometer. It is considered as largest Catholic state of Asia. Harmonizing to 2009, Philippines is 12th populated state about 92 million citizens. in history the Philippines have been an indispensable center for concern for its ethinc minority. In twenty-first century, the state is member in some planetary trade organisation include the APEC, ASEAN and WTO. The Philippine have opened their economic system to foreign market since 1980s. it besides set up a system of free of charge trade understanding with several state. The united provinces is one of the most trading spouse of the Philippines harmonizing to US section of commercialism, the trade between Philippine and US amounts US $ 15.4 billion in 2010. United States is besides largest investors of Philippines. The foreign direct investing was close to US $ 6 billion at the terminal of 2009. Under the new Aquino direction, the authorities programs to open more foreign investings in industries like touristry, excavation, concern processing operation.Philippines GeographyThe Philippines is the biggest archipelago in the Earth that is found in the south-eastern seashore of the Asia mainland. Philippines is bounded by H2O in which in the E by the Pacific sea, on the South by the Celebes Sea, and on the West and north by the South China Sea. The state consists of 7,107 island and islets. Merely 2000 of these islands are reserved. The populated and cragged islands are grouped into three: Luzon, the biggest island group, covers 141,395 square kilometres ; Visayas, 56,606 square kilometres ; and Mindanao, 102,000 square kilometres. Other chief islands are Samar, Negros, Palawan, Panay, Mindoro, Leyte, Cebu, Bohol and Masbate.The Philipine Archipelago is alienated into 15 parts. These parts are separated into state, and the state into metropoliss and municipality, and these into barangays. Barangay is the smallest political unit in the Philippines. The Philippines is a alone mixture of varied topography. Luzon and Mindanao is renowned by narrow vales, alluvial fields. turn overing hills and high mountains. The highest mountain are found in the larger islands which are Luzon and Mindanao that the mountain scopes are running north to south. The height of the mountains vary from 1,790 to 3,144 metres. These mountain scope are the natural barriers of the state. This saddle horse rang is the sierra Madre, the Cordillera, and the Cotabato scopes. The 4 major Lowlandss are set up in Eastern Cordillera, Central field of Luzon, Agusan every bit good as Zambales. The lesser islands of the Philippines are cragged in the inside and environment by narrow strips of discontinuous level Lowlandss which constitute the coastal rims. There are about 221 vents, 21 of which are active. Filipino has the finest havens in Southeast Asia the Manila Bay that has an country of 1,970 square kg metres and coastline of 192 kilo metres. Philippines has an estimated coastline of 18,411 kilo metres. There island of the Philippines has beautiful coral reefs which attracts tourer from all over the universe.APhilippines besides has a volcanic landscape for the ground that it sits in the unsteady pacifying â€Å" Ring of Fire † . Philippines had experience minor natural catastrophes in the past. Two mojor volcanic eruption that struck the state are from Mt. Pinatubo and Mt. Mayon Volcano. The roseola killed 100s and displaced thousand of people. Homes and footing of life were damaged that left non anything to the people.Philippines – TopographyThere are no major semisynthetic constructions impacting the geographics of the Philippines. The landscape is extremely assorted, with volcanic mountain multitudes organizing the nucleus of most of the large island. A Numberss of vents are dynamic, and the island has been capable to constructive temblor. Lowland are usually narrow coastal strips except for larger fields in Luzon ( Cagayan Valley and Central Plains ) , Mindanao ( Cotabato and Davao-Agusan vales ) , and others in Negros and Panay. River ‘s are little and normally seasonal in flow. Important 1s are the Cagayan, Agno, Abra, Bicol, and Pampanga in Luzon and the Cotabato and Agusan in Mindanao. Flooding is a frequent jeopardy. The shore of many of the island are embayed ( Manila Bay is one of the finest seaports in East Asia ) ; nevertheless, more than a few islands lack deficient seaport and demand offshore lightering for sea transit. The lone two inland H2O organic structures of undistinguished size are Laguna de Bay in Luzon and Lake Sultan Alonto in Mindanao.The major towns & A ; metropoliss of PhilippinesTopographic point Administrative Division Bacolod WesternA Visayas Cagayan NorthernA Mindanao Cebu CentralA Visayas Davao SouthernA Mindanao Manila NationalA CapitalA RegionClimate in the PhilippinesThe Philippines has a nautical temperate type of conditions conditions and has two distinct season raining and dry season. The high temperature mean scope from 23A ° to 32A ° Celsius ( 73A ° to 90A ° F ) in the uncomplete archipelago all through the twelvemonth. The waterlessness varies from 75 % to 85 % depending on the clip of the twelvemonth. The dry season is from November to April and the Wet season is from May to October. In Baguio ( The summer Capital of the Philippines ) , temperature norms 18.3A °C. The season differ throughout the islands because of the varying exposures to the two major air current belt, monsoon or nor'-east trades ( winter ) and southwest monsoon ( summer ) . Since of these air currents belt that have an consequence on our clime, the E seashore receive insignificant winter rainfall and the West coasts undistinguished summer rainfall. Rainfall steps from 5,000 millimeters in the cragged E seashore subdivision of the state, but less than 1,000 millimeters in some of the sheltered vale in the uncomplete twelvemonth. The Philippine archipelago is situated besides in the typhoon belt. That is why Philippines is hit by few typhoon and storm concluding in the month of July all the manner through October but sometimes it widen to December. The topographic points that the typhoon struck are the Northern and Eastern Luzon and the Bicol and Eastern Visayas Region. The strong point of the typhoon be different each twelvemonth. An norm of 25 typhoons visits the Philippines each year.A Not merely typhoon, Philippines is besides hit by copiousness called the El Nino. This happen from the dry period and expand to the moisture season. There is no rainfall in a long clip.Climate ChangeDry seasonDecember to June, 7 months are the dry season of Philippines. In this period trade air currents blows from north-east which by and large are dry. If it does rains in this dry season so it feels like afternoon shower to chill you down. This rain will non traveling to impact you more than that.In this dry season of Philippines, you will happen two differences. You will happen cool and dry conditions during the December to February. In Philippines the coolest month is January in the twelvemonth. Coolest means temperature around 25 grades Celsius, which is quite nice. We will happen hot and dry conditions in months of March to june. May is the hottest month of the twelvemonth. We can anticipate temperature more than 30 and low 40 grades.Rainy or moisture seasonAfter the heat of may and june, the season will interrupt in July. The period of July to November it rains. These rains calls monsoon. And this changeless winds brings rain. During the monsoon, the Philippines clime attracts typhoons which beat the aggressive eastern coastline of Luzon, samar, Leyte but about ne'er Mindanao. The typhoons blows from the way of the western Pacific in a north-western. In 2011, Philippines counted less typhoons per twelvemonth. But this clip they were more peaceable and made landfall more in the North.Natural Catastrophes:The Philippines is uneven to natural catastrophe, peculiarly typhoons, inundations, landslides, volcanic eruptions, temblor, and tsunamis, lying as it does across the typhoon belt, in the active volcanic part known as the â€Å" Pacific Ring of Fire, † and in the unnaturally imbalanced part between the aggressive and Eurasiatic tectonic home bases. The Philippines besides suffer major human-caused environmental debasement angry by a high one-year people growing rate, include loss of agricultural lands, deforestation, dirt abrasion, air and H2O pollution, unacceptable discarding of difficult and toxicant waste, loss of coral reefs, misconduct and maltreatment of coastal assets, and overfishing.The HazardscapeThe Philippine archipelago due to its location and natural properties is horizontal to natural jeopardies. It is situated in the Pacific Ring of Fire where two major tectonic home bases of the universe, i.e. the Pacific Plate and the Eurasiatic home base, the happening of temblors and tsunamis, and being of 220 vents of which 22 are classified as active because their eruptions have been found in historical records. It is located along the typhoon belt on the Western North Pacific Basin where 66 per centum of tropical cyclones enter or arise. Typhoons mean 20 events per twelvemonth ; five to seven of which can be instead destructive. Average one-year rainfall in the state varies from 965 millimeters to 4,064 millimeter. inordinate rainfall events activate landslides and lahar flows and are responsible for terrible and perennial inundation in low lying countries. steaming cyclones are accountable for an normal of 40 % of the one-year rainfall in the state. Decelerate moving or about inactive steaming cyclones study for extended periods of rainfall. Natural jeopardy are portion of the Philippine environment, but catastrophe happen because human being colony, substructure, people and their pecuniary actions are located where jeopardies occur. Costss of catastrophe impact are borne by authorities and single families, therefore endangering socio-economic expansion additions. Other menaces that warrant attending are complex exigency that are mostly semisynthetic, frequently with associated with armed struggle Natural Resources: A The major natural mineral income contain coal, Co, Cu, gold, gypsum, Fe, natural gas, nickel, fuel, salt, Ag, and S. There are lesser sedimentation of bauxite, quicksilver, and Zn. Other necessary capital are geothermic and hydroelectric power, fish, and lumber.Agribusinessscheme for farming in the Philippines comprise doing the universe ‘s largest rice client, which presently import the basic, self-sufficing. Multi-million dollar irrigation undertakings are presently underway to assist accomplish this end, while a National Irrigation Administration is seeking to learn husbandmans sustainable irrigation techniques. The authorities is besides forcing husbandmans to follow more commercial attacks to their concerns, organizing co-ops and specializing in high-value subsectors like organics. Finally, the sugar cane industry, face the chance of the sugar market place being flooded with inexpensive import when ASEAN liberalization boots in, is looking toward value-added green goodss like bio ethyl alcohol.harvest turning and workssagriculture, including piscary and forestry, plays a of import function in the Filipino market. At present, it provide employ to about 9.6 million Filipino who make up one semi of the entire work force. farming continue to account for the majority of entire service. The agrarian country registry a optimistic addition rate balance to other fabrication and fix. The export of farming merchandise carry on to travel up peculiarly now that wide assortment of undeveloped manufactured goods like veggies, fruits, and cosmetic harvests are dining in abroad trade. The established cropn exported by the Philippines are honey, coconut oil, banana, Ananas comosus in sirup, copra bar or repast, Mangifera indica, and other veggie. The Philippine has a broad assortment of flora from forestry to agricultural works life. The chief cardinal harvests grow in the Philippines are cereal, chief harvests ( Banana, coconut, Ananas comosus, sugar cane, java, Mangifera indica, baccy, Manila hemp, gum elastic, chocolate tree manioc, camote, peanut, onion, garlic, tomato, aubergine, chou and citrous fruit. ) and other harvest such as fibercrops, rootcrops, tubers, spices, fruits, bearing veggies, leafy/stem vegetable, other leguminous plants and other fruits.The Philippine veggie industryVegetable is a large and diverse merchandise in the Philippines. assortment of these workss can be set up in the state. This are educated intensively in concern farms and garden Plant. parts use as vegetable include anything from whole foliages, fruits, flower root, root tubers ( yam bean, murphy, sweet murphy ) and seeds storage roots and bulb ( onion, garlic and shallot ) . The most normally grown-up vegetable in moorland is white murphy, chou sweet Piper nigrum, Brassica oleracea italica, Brassica oleracea botrytis, boodle and tomato. For Lowlandss, vegetable such as solanaceous, cucurbits, roots, and leguminous plants.introduceFilipino import of both procedure and fresh veggie merchandises are lifting in last 3 old ages peculiarly on onion and Allium sativum. besides, institutional market are trusting on imports for there supply which is a job endangering the states vegetable industry. Bulk of the imports or 62 % are process vegetable merchandise of onion, garlic, tomato ( tomato paste ) and mushroom. The staying 38 % are imported as fresh like melons, Allium sativum, Brassica oleracea botrytis, Brassica oleracea italica, Apium graveolens dulce and others.ExportsState ‘s export depends on lone few harvest ( fresh or chilled ) 43 % of this are from Asparagus officinales, 28 % from shallots, 9 % on onion and the residuary 20 % are dispersed to other vegetable harvests.The Filipino Plantation Crops IndustryThe agricultural estate harvests industry is a turning fabrication in the Philippines. This is conveying approximately by the assortment of utilizations obtain from these harvests. Among the agriculture land harvests educated in the Philippines are coconut, rubber, chocolate tree, sugar cane, indispensable oils, and Manila hemp.Medicative Plants ProgramThere are about 15,000 species of works in the state. A figure of this species are curative vegetations and herb with distinguishable medicative value known for their healing belongingss. These workss are good beginnings of pharmacological ingredients able of bring arounding adult male ‘s complaint. Some of the ingredients are volatile oils, rosin, alkaloid, glycoside and intoxicant.location tendencySurveies have exposed that a big measure of people in the Philippines are awake of the potencies medical values of around 7000 works assortment. The sector of Science and cognition have conduct have found out that 80 species have been pr oven to be safe and effectual.Current Development in Horticultural Crop ProductionTurning SystemEven unreal mulching is non loosely use in the Philippines ; it is non new to agriculture production. Melon and strawberry agriculturists in Luzon are the most ascertained to be utilizing the engineering including plastic screen above the works life to support it from rain as such off-season crop is achieve. One kerb of such engineering is the stuff cost concerned and the proper disposal of the usage plastics. Tunnels with net screens or secluded cultivation are another engineerings in vegetable production, However, there are private houses persons and co-ops that are engaged in green house production of cut flowers and veggies utilizing mechanised nurseries. The nurseries are to the full with this with really all right cyberspaces that would forestall the entry of insects, therefore the works do n't hold to be spray with insect powder. The harvests were watered and fertilized through trickle irrigation ( fertigation ) this is wholly computerized, including the control of temperature and humidness. Plants are grown in soils medium consist of Cocos nucifera peat and clinkers. Other usage grow bags with turning medium that is fortified with some works food. Proliferation of nursery in the state is a welcome development because this is one manner of guaranting the supply of quality farm green goods needed by the upscale market. Tissue civilization researches were being conducted geared to develop rapid extension technique. Which will supply the agriculturists good quality seting stuffs for horticultural harvest production. Climate, the most of import environmental factor traveling works growing and advancement is the mean long-run clime of a situate, determined over a period of at least 30 old ages. In contrast, A climateA is the short-run atmospheric status of a topographic point. TheA climatic factorsA includeA rainwater, A visible radiation, A temperature, comparative humidness, A airA andA air current. Any difference in one of these climatic factors can hold of import belongings on the others and accommodate the assorted physiological procedure in workss numbering photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration. The Philippines ‘ rich volcanic dirt, bright sunlight and adequate rain history for the healthy growing of 1000s of works species in the archipelago. From refering 3000 category of monolithic foliages to 1000s more species of mosses and lichens, Philippine forests comprise diverseness of works life that non one of its neighbours.For most of the population, there are 3 types of housing.AThey are:-Nipa huts.-home made of bamboo, with nipa roof. Even foreigner will populate in a nipa hut as they are cool to populate in. normally, they use coco timber for the environment, have bamboo walls, roof made from banana foliages and cookery is on an unfastened fire. Better lower status places will hold bamboo floor or else the floor will be grime. There are no glass windows.– Plywood.-Homes made of plyboard with corrugated Fe roof. normally, they will utilize coco bunch for the frame, 3 ply plyboard for the walls. 5 or 7 ply plyboard for the floor. grooved degree for the roof. windo w will often be the slat type. Most often, these are unpainted and will worsen in a few old ages because of contact to the conditions.– Hollowblock.-Homes made of cement block call hollow blocks. They are a big long pillow brick with holes from side to side the center. for the period of edifice, the hole are filled with strengthen and steel bars for reinforce.. Hollow block places come in sizes runing from individual room to several floors. Some have tiled roofs and some have corrugated Fe roofs. bathroom are frequently indoors. Smaller hollow block places will most probably have slat type Windowss. Better quality places will hold aluminium window or imagine made of wood lineation window.Philippines Earthquake-2012A strong temblor of 7.9 magnitudes work stoppage off the eastern beach of the Philippines trigger tsunami warning across Asia. The temblor struck on August 31, 2012 at 20:47 local clip.DetailssDate and Time of Earthquake – 02:48 AM HST on August 31, 2012 co-ordinate – 10.9 NORTH 127.1 EAST site – Filipino Islands country scale – 7.6 on the Richter ScaleLocation of EarthquakeThe temblor was hit at a deepness of 21.7 stat mis and was centered 66 stat mis east of Samar Island and 91 stat mis off the town of Guiuan in Samar state.ImpactThe clang was felt at metropolis of Davao, approximately 250 stat mis south of Guiuan. One place was distorted in southern Cagayan de Oro metropolis. There was no electrical energy in several Philippines towns and metropoliss.Which authorities bureau do people turn to for in sequence during natural catastrophes?For conditions updates and typhoon signal qui vives:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.gov.ph/images/uploads/DOST-PAG-ASA-seal.png Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical Astronomical Services Administration ( PAGASA ) PAGASA is an bureau under the subdivision of Science and machinery. A It provides real-time update about the conditions and typhoon qui vives. Legend of PAGASA ‘s color-coded rainwater advisories, which may be issued through Twitter, the medium and coordination with the local authorities.For more information about the color-coded warning signalHow to do sense of PAGASA ‘s colour-coded warning signals: -A hypertext transfer protocol: //www.gov.ph/images/uploads/filler5-150Ãâ€"121.png hypertext transfer protocol: //www.gov.ph/images/uploads/weather9-copy-copy.pngProject NOAH The Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards ( NOAH ) is a plan Begin by the DOST to set in topographic point a receptive plan forA disasterA turning away and decrease, utilizing advanced information to heighten current geo-hazard susceptibleness maps..hypertext transfer protocol: //www.gov.ph/images/uploads/filler5-150Ãâ€"121.pngFor volcanic activities, temblors, and tsunami qui vives:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.gov.ph/images/uploads/Phivolcs-596Ãâ€"573.pngPhilippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology ( PHIVOLCS ) PHIVOLCS is a service institute of the DOST. The organisation is tasked to extenuate catastrophe that may originate from volcanic eruptions, temblors, tsunami and other related geotectonic phenomena. Web site: A phivolcs.dost.gov.phAFor harm appraisal and amalgamate studies on authorities action:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.gov.ph/images/uploads/weather14.png National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council ( NDRRMC ) The NDRRMC was established to follow catastrophe turning away and hazard decrease. ItA reports updates on the belongings and preparedness steps of catastrophe state of affairs such as typhoon, temblors, etc.For NCR inundation updates:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.gov.ph/images/uploads/MMDA.pngMetropolitan Manila Development Authority ( MMDA ) Provides real-time studies on traffic and flooded countries in Metro Manila ; AIDSs in inundation control in Metro Manila.Where do people direct contributions for those affected by catastrophes?hypertext transfer protocol: //www.gov.ph/images/uploads/DSWD-596Ãâ€"524.pngDepartment of Social Welfare and Development ( DSWD ) The DSWD is the organisation in charge for the distribute societal services to the Filipino people. It spearhead authorities alleviation operation for the period of incidents of catastrophes.SWOT of Philippines: –StrengthsFailingTheir economic development strength of agricultural merchandises include rice, maize, manioc, Mangifera indicas, Ananas comosuss, coconuts, sugar cane, porc and fish. Another chief contribution to their economic strength and development are industry such as: pharmaceuticals, chemical, fuel refinement, wood merchandises, nutrient processing, garments, footwear and fishing. Fishing industry The GDP and GNP rise comparing the other state. High degrees of corruptness High poorness incidence Agribusiness suffers from low productiveness Poor province of substructuresMenacesOpportunitiesA high population growing rate Laging rural economic growing and high rural underemployment. Widening disparity between the urban and rural hapless. Persistent exclusion of hapless and marginalized people from development procedures. Small entree for hapless people to productive assets and endeavor chances. Ineffective degeneration to drive local development. Unsustainable natural resource depletion. Hospital Infrastructure Wine concern Hotel concern Tourism Exporting flowers to India. Laundry concern Perfume concern Medicines

The Problem of Sins And Evil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Problem of Sins And Evil - Essay Example This prideful rebellion and the greed for power made Satan into a self-proclaimed foe of God. In the Bible the Revelations, chapter 12, versus7-8 state, â€Å"And there was war in heaven. Michael and his angels fought against the dragon, and the dragon and his angels fought back. But he was not strong enough, and they lost their place in heaven.† (Hurault, 1996 ). Having established evil the next step was revenge on God and to destroy His works, as the gospel according to Peter, chapter 5 verse 8 states, â€Å"Be self-controlled and alert. Your enemy the devil prowls around like a roaring lion looking for someone to devour†. The gospel according to Luke, chapter 10 verses 19 to 20 states, â€Å"But God gives us authority over the evil of this enemy as Jesus tells us. (Hurault, 1996) The production of this twisted evil can be accompanied with enlightenment and choice, as stated in the Gospel according to Mathew, chapter 25 versus 41 â€Å"All created beings have two ch oices, to accept this authority over the evil enemy or to follow Satan into "everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels.† (Hurault, 1996). The second disobedience was of our first parents i.e. Adam and Eve. Satan epitomizes evil and sin and to disobey God was to initiate evil. When I ponder over this ‘evil’ I realized that evil is void of righteousness and evil cannot be created since evil does not exist as a separate entity nor does it exist in reality.

Examine consulting processes and techniques Assignment - 1

Examine consulting processes and techniques - Assignment Example Answering the above mentioned questions will help the management to step forward to the proper direction. Pilot project generally means a test or trial project which is undertaken prior to undertaking the main project. Thus, the failure of the pilot project provides the management a chance to make the necessary changes in the technique and in the processes of the project. In this regard, to respond to the above mentioned questions, there is a requirement of intense evaluation. The client had implemented SAP in his organizational operations related activities for the better integration and flexibility but instead of generating solutions to the identified problems, the client faced various issues. Firstly, the implementation failed because of the wrong approaches and investment of a lot of capital which had been largely wasted. Various consulting and managerial roles were not present in the client’s approach in the process of implement of the project successfully. These managerial and consulting roles include planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling, the leader, the liaison, the disseminator, the monitor, the entrepreneur, spokesperson and the disturbance handler. In this regard, various implementation strategies also were needed to be built such as location and pricing strategies (Wickham & Wickham, 2008). A consulting project aimed at creating specific outcome could be used to address and solve the problem in a much appropriate way. As the client wants to handle his departments such as financial performance management, supply chain management (SCM), manufacturing processes and sales thus job specific consulting project could be appropriate to provide attention in each single department. SAP ERP mainly delivers a comprehensive asset of business benefits that includes risk reduction, better financial management and corporate governance. As the firm was facing a problem related to the financial management

Design of goods and Services SLP Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Design of goods and Services SLP - Assignment Example ently, this makes the process of product design to be among the most momentous components in product development, given that it involves all the processes that strive to make the business successful. Since product designing progresses from one stage to the other within the organization, it influences the process of decision making in Wal-Mart organization. There is a stage of idea development about the products to be designed in the organization. At this point, the organization’s leaders and parties concerned get into a discussion to identify the relationship between the product to be introduced to the market and the customer expectations in the market. This will compel the organization to conduct a qualitative and quantitative research that tests the ideas of the customers. The competitors for the same product are also closely examined; the suppliers are contacted as one of the sources of important information required by the organization. All the dynamics are taken into contemplation when the product is designed so as to come up with the best and competitive product (Landwehr, Wentzel & Herrmann, 2013). The product development team must sell out the idea with the senior management, and create appropriate awareness within the organization’s departments. The responses received from the stakeholders are then scaled down for implementation by the sales and marketing specialists. It is from this point that sales and marketing specialists make the decisions in relation to the feedbacks. The decisions made are directly linked to the design of the product that is later to be launched for customers to purchase. The product designed should be able to meet all the requirements and desires of the stakeholders into consideration and influence the decision making process of the company (Landwehr, Wentzel & Herrmann, 2013). Product life cycle traces the stages involved in the strategies used by the organization from production to consumption or rather from idea

An investigation into the image of Bangkok as a tourist destination Dissertation

An investigation into the image of Bangkok as a tourist destination from British consumer perspectives and Thai industry provide - Dissertation Example The research inferred that Bangkok might not be one of the top vacation places for the British because there are many problems in the city which are causing British tourists to lower their number of visits here. Firstly there is the flood, along with the theft, no security, scams, prostitution, environment and dirt, which is de-motivating the British to come to Bangkok. Useful recommendations have been given like improving the security, the canal system, the law and order, environmental consciousness, marketing efforts, training and development of the hotel industry and an active role played by the government in making improvements in the city so that its attractiveness increases and more British tourists come to visit. Contents Table Contents Table 1.Chapter introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Background 2 1.3 Methodological approach and data sources used of the study 3 1.4 aims and objectives of the research 4 1.5 Hypothesis 6 1.6 The layout of the research 6 1.7 Conclusion 7 2.L iterature review 8 2.1 Introduction 8 2.2 Pest Analysis 9 2.2.1 Political Environment 9 2.2.2 Economic environment 11 2.2.2.1 The tourism industry 11 2.2.3 Social factors 12 2.2.4 Technological factors 14 2.2.5 Ecological environment 15 2.3 SWOT Analysis 17 2.3.1 Strengths 17 2.3.1.1Shopping 17 2.3.1.2 Privately owned tourist spots 18 2.3.1.3 Asian Weather 19 2.3.1.4 Culture 19 2.3.2 Weaknesses 20 2.3.2.1 Counterfeit products 20 2.3.2.2 Pollution 20 2.3.2.3 Gems and Jewellery 20 2.3.2.4 Vehicles rental 21 2.3.2.5 Low maintenance of tourist spots 21 2.3.3 Opportunities 22 2.3.3.1 Investments 22 2.3.4 Threat 23 2.3.4.1 Floods 23 2.3.4.2 Spread of widespread diseases 24 2.3.4.3 Terrorism 25 Chapter 3 Methodology 26 3.1 Introduction 26 3.2 Role of the researcher 26 3.3 Methods 27 3.3.1 Research on British subjects 28 3.3.2 Questionnaire for British subjects 29 3.3.3 Questionnaire for the tourist industry 30 3.3.4 Interview of the British subjects 30 3.3.5 Interview of tradesmen from the tourist industry 31 3.4 Subjects 31 3.4.1 British subjects 31 3.4.2 Criteria for selection 32 3.4.3 Tradesmen selection method 33 3.4.4 Tradesmen selection criteria 33 3.5 Data Analysis 34 3.6Trustworthiness of the method 35 3.6.1 Reliability 35 3.6.2 Validity 35 3.6.3 Ethical validity 36 3.6.4 Generalized validity 36 Chapter 4-Results and discussion 37 4.1. what motivates British consumers 37 4.2 What attracts British tourists to Bangkok 44 Chapter 5-Conclusion and Recommendations 60 5.1 Conclusion 60 5.2 Recommendations 66 5.2.1 Improve the flood-affected areas 66 5.2.2 Maintenance 66 5.2.3 Scams and thefts 67 5.2.4 Environmental social responsiveness 67 5.2.5 Technology 68 5.2.6 Epidemics 69 5.2.7 Legal system 69 5.2.8 Tourist security 69 5.2.9 Marketing 70 5.2.10 Improve service and placement 70 5.2.11Training and up gradation 71 5.2.12 Ecotourism 71 5.3 Limitations 71 6. Appendix 72 7. References 75 1.Chapter introduction This chapter gives a brief overview of the research whe re the topic has been explained in detail along with a background of the research. The aims and objectives have been described, the layout of the research report has been given along with the methodology used. Lastly there is the conclusion of the whole chapter.

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS - Movie Review Example The documentary outlines Paulson’s thought that was to stabilize the financial market that was under crisis and prevent it from collapsing. It tells the story of a collapsing housing market amidst subprime mortgage loans in U.S banks. As Hunk recounts in the documentary, he is alone and his view is facing contradictions from all corners of the economy: journalists and senators alike, banks and the congress. However, Paulson has the support of his wife, Wendy, who has been his wife for more than 40 years. They are devoted to one another that, during the film at a particular bumpy round of negotiations with the congress, Paulson takes a short break to call his wife Wendy and ask her to pray (Sharkey 1). ‘Hank: five years from the brink’ outlines Paulson’s first thought of the troubled asset relief program (TARP), encourages the U.S government to buy equity and assets from the financial institutions (Sherkey 1). This plan was to help in strengthening the collapsing financial sector of the U.S economy by putting equity and assets in the hands of the government. It is more of asserting more control of the financial institutions to the state and Hank knew that the idea was reprehensible. Originally, the TARP program authorized and expenditure of $700 billion of government money to purchase the â€Å"troubled assets." This would allow the treasury to purchase difficult-to-value illiquid assets from banks and financial institutions to allow the affected institutions to stabilize their balance sheets and avoid making any further losses (Darling 72). According to Sherkey (1), Paulson recounts in the documentary that the story of the crisis was a disaster and his idea were to respond to the disaster and mitigate any crisis that would occur in the future business market. Thus, his second aim of the troubled asset relief program was to encourage the financial institutions and banks to resume lending at the fair levels

Dorothy Parker and an Analysis of Her Short Stories Research Paper

Dorothy Parker and an Analysis of Her Short Stories - Research Paper Example She went through three marriages, including two with the same man. Most people say that her sharp wit was also a result of these marriages and suicidal attempts, which indulged her to take on alcohol as a soothing device. Nonetheless, this paper helps to provide an insight into three of her short stories, while comprehending how Parker has made use of wit and humour from her life, into those stories, in order to tell the world about the miseries of her marriages. She was also one of the founders of the Algonquin Round Table and wrote for Vanity Fair however, her wit proved to be too sarcastic for some of the producers. Initially however, her wit as a critic was extremely popular among the people because she told the truth in its rawest form making a number of producers and directors feel extremely uncomfortable for their less than average results in the box office. No wonder Parker was able to laugh at herself quite well too. Her stories are permanent proof of how she was witty about everything including her own personal life. For example, she had extreme ambivalent feelings about her Jewish background and she joked that in order to escape her name, she got married to a Wall Street stock broker by the name of Edwin Pond Parker II because of the anti-Semitic feelings that were prevalent in America, as well as around the world, at the time. All her stories have some or the other snippet taken from her life and this paper presents her married life in comic through her writing. (Meade, Marion) Through her worst years, Dorothy Parker always tried to maintain a very tough exterior for the world to see. This was probably because of a few reasons ranging from the already doomed image of women in the much talked about patriarchal society at the time, as well as maintaining her position as someone who had the best wit in the country at the time. She drank publicly in order to portray a sense of masculinity and to show that women could be tough as well. Parker often said, â€Å"Wit has truth in it; wisecracking is simply calisthenics with words.† (Parker, Dorothy) Despite her failed marriages, she scoffed at her own misery in public in order to show people that there were worse problems in life. â€Å"In subsequent successful volumes of poetry—Sunset Gun  (1928), Death and Taxes (1931), and  Not So Deep as a Well  (1936)—Parker poked fun at her own heartbreak, masochism, and hopefulness. Her most effective verse captures the breadth of her dreams and disappointments with bitter irony and perfect turns of phrase, but only hints at their depths.† (Itzkovitz, Daniel) One of Parker’s very famous short poems is about how she was reckless enough to drink and be with any man that she wanted to. For example, â€Å"I like to have a martini, Two at the very most. After three I’m under the table, after four I’m under my host.† However, her stories still portray women in a much closed form where they are not able to speak up other than to their own thoughts. In all her stories discussed within this paper, Parker’s characters are only able to speak to the voices in their heads. (Walker, Nancy) ‘The Waltz’ written by Parker is one of her all time best satirical pieces in which a young woman’s thoughts get meddled up as she says yes to waltzing with a man. Her cynical side gets the best of her positivism and she grimly acknowledges both the voices in her head.

Managerial accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managerial accounting - Essay Example mpanies and the worlds top-5 accounting firms, have resulted in lawsuits and bankruptcies, as well as government rescue efforts, to the detriment of many investors and taxpayers. Some of these companies were formerly prestigious financial institutions with huge capital and with global reach such as Citigroup, JP Morgan, and AIG. This paper seeks to study this recent phenomenon with a view to identifying what would perhaps be a good long-term solution. The generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) have been tagged as one of the fundamental causes of the recent financial and banking crisis that originated in the United States and sent shock waves throughout the world. According to the Accounting Dictionary, the GAAP consists of â€Å"standards, conventions, and rules accountants follow in recording and summarizing transactions, and in the preparation of financial statements.† There is no central authority that promulgates the rules of GAAP; instead the Securities and Exchange Commission accepts and enforces the compiled issuances from FASB, AICPA, and other sources. The Accounting Principles Board (APB) of AICPA defines GAAP as encompassing â€Å"the conventions, rules, and procedures necessary to define accepted accounting practice at a particular time,† and that the principles are derived from â€Å"experiences and reason† that have proved useful.(AICPA, 1970, cited in Wolk et al., 1997). Voluminous rul es under GAAP have been issued over the years, and the complexity of these rules which have not been consistently organized around fixed and commonly agreed principles have not increased our understanding of financial reports. In fact, they have fostered a lack of clarity and transparency. Although the GAAP are designed for the preparation of financial statements for external users, internal decision makers also use them for various purposes including decisions regarding promotions and year-end bonuses to its executives. Management has some leeways to impact

The Effect of Television on Children Essay Example for Free

The Effect of Television on Children Essay It is clear that television plays a vital role to drive this world. It has good sides. It can be entertaining and educational, and open up a new world for the children, by giving them a chance to travel the globe, learn about cultures, religion, and gain many ideas they may never encounter in their own society. There is a big gap between kids who grow up with television and those who don’t grow up with television. However the reverse is can also true. Children are likely to learn things from television that parents don’t want to them to learn. Television can affect kids’ health, behavior and devalue their life. Children’s health is the first thing affected with television. As we realize, there are many food commercials on television recently. Children are ready to imitate and believe what they watch on a television with their immature mind. They should not think things from different perspectives. According to the American journal of clinical nutrition, boys are susceptible to food cues in commercials. Moreover, girls try to keep their body slim or stay sexy. They try to figure out how to stay thin and as a result they stop eating regularly. Consequently, when there bodies don’t get enough nutrients they easily exposed for opportunistic pathogens or any kind of disease. Imitating violence behavior is the other effect of television. Many young children who grow up with aggressive channels of television are trying to copy those characters what they watched on movies or and show. As I mentioned earlier, children’s mind is ready to copy everything like a copy machine. No doubt, they imitate whether good or bad characters they see on a television screen. In addition, television makes believe for kids. The people in the stories can make believe. All those are actors and the stories are not true but children are unable to realize the facts. Do not think further take an example yourself when you watch a movie how it switch your mind and you biased on one side. It is obvious to see many adults were overwhelming while they watch show or any kind of drama. So if it affects adults what do think about kids who have immature mind? Moreover, kids imitate some drugs use or alcohols while they see when some actors apply it on their movie. Reducing the value of life is the most important effect of television. Some children are addicted on Television more than six hours a day. What we predict from this? The answer is very clear for everybody. When kids give more time for television they forget to do their regular school assignments. It takes their study time and consequently they enforced to fail on exams. They may argue with their parents for their poor performance and finally they exposed for complicated life such as prostitute and other unnecessary duties like drugs trafficking etc. To wrap up, even though television has side effects on the general life of children, I don’t deny the excellent side of television which plays a key role to change their life too. So that, to solve those problems I mentioned in the above parents must play a vital role by selecting or set up necessary channels in terms of their child age.

Chapter 21 notes- the kite runner Essay Example for Free

Chapter 21 notes- the kite runner Essay Amir visits his old house in Kabul and the hill north of Baba’s house- The city is now completely unfamiliar to Amir, and he looks at it almost as a tourist Amir looks outside his bedroom window and remembers looking out of it when watching Hassan and Amir leave. â€Å"Twenty-five years earlier, I had stood behind that same window, thick rain dripping down the panes and my breath fogging up the glass. I had watched Hassan and Ali load their belongings into the trunk of my father’s car† -Amir Characters involved: Amir Farid Hassan- Amir discusses their good memories in the yard of Baba’s house and up at the pomegranate tree on the hill. â€Å"Amir and Hassan. The Sultans of Kabul†- still carved into the pomegranate tree. A man and woman were executed on the soccer oval in front of all the spectators Characters involved: Taliban (Islamic radicals) Amir Farid Woman and man both killed by rocks â€Å"And they call themselves Muslims† -Farid â€Å"Mord? Mord? Is he dead? † -Amir â€Å"Every sinner must be punished in a manner befitting his sin! †- Cleric at the stadium. This part of the text gives evidence that the Taliban are brutal, have no sympathy and are murderers. The Taliban say they are obeying God. Meeting arranged to meet with the Taliban that afternoon. Characters involved: Farid- asks for Amir Taliban official Symbols Pomegranate tree â€Å"Then I went looking for the abandoned cemetery. It didn’t take me long to find it. It was still there, and so was the old pomegranate tree. †- Amir â€Å"I stood under it, remembered all the times we’d climbed it, straddled it’s branches, our legs swinging, dappled sunlight flickering through the leaves and casting on our faces a mosaic of light and shadow. The tangy taste of pomegranate crept into my mouth. † -Amir The ruined, dead tree serves as a symbol that the city Kabul that Amir knew was now dead. Environment- Kabul- *Desolate. *Ruined *Dusty *Abandoned *Sun-dried Amir’s house *Surrounded by weeds *Rusty â€Å"The Wall of Ailing Corn was still there, though I saw no corn, ailing or other-wise, along that wall now. †-Amir Paint peeled off â€Å"The house was far from the sprawling white mansion I remembered from my childhood. It looked smaller. † -Amir â€Å"Like so much else in Kabul, my father’s house was the picture of fallen splendour. † -Amir â€Å"I wanted to step into the foyer, smell the orange peel Ali always tossed into the stove to burn the sawdust. Sit at the kitchen table, have tea with a slice of naan, listen to Hassan sing old Hazara songs. † -Amir.

Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus Health And Social Care Essay

Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus Health And Social Care Essay INTRODUCTION DIABETES MELLITUS Diabetes is a syndrome that is caused by a relative or an absolute lack of insulin. It is characterized by symptomatic glucose intolerance as well as alterations in lipid and protein metabolism. Over the long term, these metabolic abnormalities, particularly hyperglycemia, contribute to the development of complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Approximately 5% to 10% of the diagnosed diabetic population has type 1 diabetes mellitus (Koda-Kimble et al., 2005). Most of the diabetic patients have type 2 diabetes mellitus, a heterogeneous disorder that is characterized by obesity, ÃŽ ²-cell dysfunction, resistance to insulin action, and increased hepatic glucose production. 1.2 PREVALENCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease and is no longer an epidemic that can be ignored. It is confirmed that diabetes is increasing rapidly in every parts of the world (IDF, 2009). The prevalence of diabetes for all age-groups worldwide was estimated to be 2.8% in 2000 and 4.4% in 2030. The total number of people with diabetes is projected to rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030 (Wild et al., 2004). In South-East Asia region, the number of people with diabetes will reach 101.0 million by year 2030 which show an increase of 72.1% compared to 58.7 million in year 2010 (IDF, 2009). While in Western Pacific region, the number of people with diabetes will reach 112.8 million people by year 2030 compared to 76.7 million people in year 2010, which show an increase of 47.0%. WHO predicts that in Asia and Australia region the prevalence of diabetic will reach 190.5 million in year 2030 (WHO, 2004). Similarly in Malaysia, the diabetes epidemic shows an increase trend over the years. The number of people with diabetes will increase to 2.74 million by year 2025 compared to 1.53 million in year 2007. The national prevalence of diabetes was estimated to be 12.3% in year 2025 (IDF, 2009). Approximately 1.2 million people in Malaysia have diabetes and more than half of them are not aware of it. The third National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS III) shows that there was an increasing trend in prevalence with age; from 2 percent in the 18-19 years old to an alarming prevalence ranging between 20.8 to 26.2 percent among those 50-64 years old. Those with primary education or less have a higher prevalence. The national prevalence of known and newly diagnosed diabetes above 30 years old rose from 8.3 percent in NHMS II to 14.9 percent in NHMS III. This shows that the prevalence of diabetes has increased by 80 percent over a decade with an average of 8 percent per year. The diabetes in Malaysia has almost doubled in magnitude over the last decade (NHMSIII, 2006). The main factors that contribute towards the increase in the risk of diabetes are socioeconomic influences, BMI, effects of urbanization, and familial aggregation. In socioeconomic influences, it shows that lower educational status and the lack of health care facilities in the rural areas delay the diagnosis of diabetes. More than 70% of diabetes subjects in India remain undiagnosed in rural area (Deo et al., 2006). Moreover, this study also observed that people of the lower socioeconomic status had lower BMI. Furthermore, urbanization leads to unhealthy lifestyle changes which affect the metabolic changes. The high prevalence of diabetes also found associated with increasing family history of diabetes. High prevalence of diabetes in the first degree relatives which is commonly seen in Asian Indians (Deo et al., 2006). A comparative epidemiology study was conducted among Japanese immigrants in United States living around Hawaii and Los Angeles and among Japanese living in Hiroshima. Results showed that the Japanese who lives in United States are in higher prevalence of getting diabetes compared to the Japanese in Hiroshima due to the westernized lifestyle (Hara et al., 2004). 1.3 COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus will leads to multiple complications. In Malaysia, only 6.1% among the 30 49 year age groups of diabetes mellitus patients were under control. This reflects the lack of concern for risks and complications among the young patients. A total of 1 in 4 diabetics in the 30-39 age group already show complications of the disease (Chua, 2006). Moreover, patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, regardless of the type of diabetes, exhibit significantly increased odds of surgical and systemic complications, higher mortality and increased length of stay during hospitalization (Marchant et al., 2009). Individuals with pre-diabetes, undiagnosed type 2 diabetes, and long-lasting type 2 diabetes are at high risk of all complications of macrovascular disease, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and peripheral vascular disease (Laakso, 2010). Moreover, M Lgaakso also indicates that more than 70% of type 2 diabetes patients die of cardiovascular causes. Hence, the epidemic of type 2 diabetes followed by an epidemic of diabetes-related cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Diabetes patients present a two to four time greater risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) than non-diabetes individuals (Protopsaltis et al., 2004). The data obtained from UKPDS 23 indicated that for each 1% increment of HbA1c there was a 1.11-fold increased risk of CAD, whereas for each 1-mmol/l increment in LDL concentration, there was a 1.57-fold increased risk. A study carried out among African American with diabetes showed that the major risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and smoking are important determinants of CVD in African Americans with diabetes. Moreover, other blood markers of hemostasis or inflammatory response and elevated serum creatinine proved to be CVD risk factors in African Americans with diabetes (Adeniyi et al., 2002). Retinopathy is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes, which results in blindness for over 10,000 people with diabetes per year (Fong et al., 2004). A study done among Australian population showed that the prevalence of retinopathy was 21.9% among known type 2 diabetes and 6.2% in those newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Generally, 15.3% of diabetes patients have retinopathy (Tapp et al., 2003). A prospective cohort study showed that the presence of diabetic retinopathy was associated with a two-fold higher risk of incident CHD events and a three-fold higher risk of fatal CHD (Cheung et al., 2007). Hence, the microvascular diseases do play a role in the pathogenesis of CHD in diabetes. Amputation is one of the major complications that should be taken into consideration among diabetes patients. Diabetes is the cause of 50 % of all the non-traumatic amputations in the United States. Among all the diabetic amputations, 24 % amputations are the toe, 5.8 % are mid foot, 38 % are below the knee, and 21.4 % are above the knee, and the remaining 10 % include the hip, pelvis, knee and other sites (Levin, 2002). One study reported an 8 % increase in amputations from 61 of 10,000 patients with diabetes in 1990 to 66 of 10,000 patients with diabetes in 1995. After diabetic patients undergo amputation, their risk of developing a foot ulcer or of requiring a second amputation increases dramatically. A total of 50 % of patients with diabetes die within 5 years after amputation (Peters et al., 2001). In Malaysia, among 203 patients that underwent amputation, 66 % of the patients were diabetics and amputations performed were related to diabetic foot conditions. Among them, 17.2 % patients underwent above knee amputation, 32.8 % underwent below knee amputation and 50 % underwent local foot amputation. About 59 % patients underwent amputation due to diabetic complication were less than 60 years old (Yusof et al., 2007). A study done involving Korean type 2 diabetic patients showed that the HbA1c is significantly associated with carotid plaque and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (Choi et al., 2010). A cross sectional study was conducted, and it shows that the glycemic control was poor with 53.6% of the patients having HbA1c above 8% and 24% of them had microalbuminuria (Chan et al., 2005). 1.4 MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS 1.4.1 Controlling Glycemic Level Tight control of blood glucose levels offers primary and secondary prevention for the development of diabetic kidney disease (Stanton, 2008). By lowering glycated hemoglobin value to 6.5% or less, a 10% relative reduction was observed in the combined outcome of major macrovascular and microvascular events. Moreover, there was also a 21% relative reduction in nephropathy (Patel et al., 2008). A study carried out in the United Kingdom showed that intensive blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes patients significantly increased the cost of treatment, but the cost of complication was reduced and increased the time free of complication (Gray et al., 2000). Although good controlling on blood glucose will benefit the diabetes patients, the potential benefits of glycemic control must be balanced against factors that either preempt benefits (limited life expectancy, comorbid disease) or increase risk (severe hypoglycemia, weight gain) (Woolf et al., 2000). 1.4.2 Pharmacological Treatment According to the Malaysian Clinical Practice Guidelines Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 4th Edition (2009), the first line therapy for oral agent is Metformin, while other oral agents are acceptable as alternatives. However, usage of Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) has been found to have greater durability in glycemic control compared to Metformin and Sulphonylurea (SU). Currently there are five classes of oral hypoglycemic agents, which include ÃŽ ±-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs), Biguanides, Dipeptidyl petptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, Insulin Secretagogues (Sulphonylurea and Non-Sulphonylurea / Meglitnides) and Thiazolidinediones (TZDs). Factors that are taken into consideration when selecting the treatment include the patients clinical characteristics, such as degree of hyperglycemia, weight and renal function (Walker and Whittlesea, 2007). Scheen and Lefebvre (1998) suggested that the selection of oral antihyperglycemic agents as first-line drugs or combination therapy should be based on both pharmacological properties of the compound (efficacy and safety) and the clinical characteristics of the patient (stage of disease, body weight). Furthermore, each antihyperglycemic agent may also be combined with insulin therapy to improve glycemic control after secondary failure to oral treatment. A systemic review on the effectiveness and safety of oral antihyperglycemic agents showed that most oral agents improved glycemic control to the same degree as sulfonylureas, though nateglinide and ÃŽ ±-glucosidase inhibitors may have slightly weaker effect (Bolen et al., 2007). Other than that, this review also showed that most agents other than metformin increased body weight by 1 to 5 kg. In terms of safety, sulphonylureas and repaglinides were associated with greater risk for hypoglycemia, thiazolidinediones with greater risk for heart failure and metformin with greater risk for gastrointestinal problems. Another systemic review and meta analysis on the effect of oral hypoglycemic agents on HbA1c levels showed that most OHAs lowered HbA1c levels by 0.5 to 1.25 % whereas thiazolidinediones and sulfonylureas lowered HbA1c levels by 1.0 to 1.25 % (Sherifali et al., 2010). This review also concluded that the benefit of initiating an OHA is most apparent within the first 4 to 6 months . A meta analysis on comparison of different drugs as add-on treatment to metformin in type 2 diabetes showed that sulphonylureas, ÃŽ ±-glucosidase inhibitors and thiazolidinediones induced reduction of HbA1c of 0.85, 0.61 and 0.42 respectively (Monami et al., 2007). In direct comparisons, sulphonylureas induced a greater reduction of HbA1c than thiazolidinediones. For the treatment with ÃŽ ±-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) acarbose, a meta-analysis showed favourable trends towards risk reduction for myocardial infarction and any cardiovascular event (Hanefeld et al., 2004). The meta-analysis also revealed that acarbose treatment also significantly improved glycemic control, triglyceride levels, body weight and systolic blood pressure. 1.4.3 Non Pharmacological Treatment Exercise Exercise plays an important therapeutic role in the management of type 2 diabetes and usually is prescribed along with dietary therapy and pharmacologic therapy. The benefits of exercise are observed through the lowering of blood glucose concentration during and after exercise (Najim, 2008). Physical activities are able to reduce the risk of progression from impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to type 2 diabetes mellitus by 58% (Sigal et al., 2006). There is evidence that showed the relation between the exercise and the HbA1c level, where exercise training reduced HbA1c by an amount that should decrease the risk of diabetic complications (Boule et al., 2001). b. Dietary Control Obesity and weight gain contributes to the development of diabetes. The impact of obesity will put the diabetic patients on risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) (Anderson et al., 2003). Hence, decreasing the weight will decrease the risk for developing diabetes. Despite that, glycemic control also will be well controlled. A meta-analysis on restricted-carbohydrate diets in type 2 diabetic patients showed that there is an improvement in HbA1c, fasting glucose, and some lipid fractions (triglycerides) with lower carbohydrate-content diets (Kirk et al., 2008). A study conducted to assess the effects of high dietary fiber intake in type 2 diabetic patient shows that high intake of dietary fiber, particularly the soluble type, improves glycemic control, decreases hyperinsulinemia and also lowers plasma lipid concentrations (Chandalia et al., 2000). The Malaysian Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 4th Edition (2009) suggests that a balanced diet consist ing of 50-60% (Carbohydrate), 15-20% (Protein) and 25-30% (Fats) are encouraged. However, these recommendations must be individualized based on glucose and lipid goals. 1.5 MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC DISEASES IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE In United States, there is an estimated of 99 million Americans living with a chronic illness. This becomes one of the major challenges faced by the U.S. health care system today and in the future. However, the defining features of primary care which includes continuity, coordination and comprehensiveness, are well suited to the care of chronic illness (Rothman and Wagner, 2003). In the WHOs World Health Report 2008: Primary Health Care Now More Than Ever shows that the primary-care team becomes the mediator between the community and the other levels of the health system, helping people navigating through the maze of health services and mobilizing the support of other facilities by referring patients or calling on the support of specialized services (WHO, 2008). Evidence has shown that with a better primary care, especially coordination of care could reduce avoidable hospitalization rates, especially for individuals with multiple chronic conditions (Wolff et al., 2002). In Thailand, the patient satisfaction toward primary care units has improved when compared to public hospitals out-patients-department. An evolutionary change, as the patients in Thailand started to have confidence in local facilities such as primary care units for monitoring of chronic diseases (Pongsupap et al., 2005). 1.5.1 The Management of Chronic Diseases in Primary Health Care Centers in Malaysia Chronic diseases are the major cause of death and disability in Malaysia, accounted for 71% of all deaths and 69% of the total burden of disease. Preliminary data from Malaysian Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) Surveillance 2005/06 estimated that approximately 11.6 million Malaysian adults aged 25-64 years were having at least one risk factor for chronic diseases and only about 3% did not have any risk factor. (Ramli and Taher, 2008). A study carried in an urban primary health care setting in Sarawak shows that the poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 7.5%) is about 38%. Wong and Rahimah (2004) suggested that reasonable glycemic control can be achieved in the primary health care setting in Sarawak. A study was carried out to evaluate the status of diabetes care and prevalence of diabetic complications among the diabetic patients in primary private health care Malaysia. Majority of diabetic patients treated at the primary care level were not satisfactorily controlled and were associated with a high prevalence of complications (Mafauzy, 2005). Hence, there is a need on putting on more efforts in order to achieve clinical targets. 1.6 MEDICATION ADHERENCE A literature review showed that the adherence rates for patients with type 2 diabetes have ranged from 65 % to 85% for OHA and 60 % to 80 % for insulin (Kenreigh and Wagner, 2005). A survey was done in the United States to assess medication adherence, knowledge of therapeutic goals and goal attainment for adult patient with diabetic. The result showed that 48 % of patients were medication non-adherent and most frequently reported reasons for non-adherence were forgetfulness (34 %) and too expensive (14 %). This study also shows that the patients at HbA1c goal were more adherent than patients not at goal (Whitley et al., 2006). A study was carried out by Tan and Judy, on self-care practices of Malaysian adults with diabetes and sub-optimal glycaemic control. The result showed that only 53 % subjects scored below 50 % in their diabetes-related knowledge, subjects with medication non-adherence, 46 % tended to have higher fasting blood glucose levels and only 15 % of the subjects practiced SMBG (Tan and Judy, 2008). Patients which non adherent to the drug regimen was found to be at higher risk of hospitalization. The study on this showed that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who did not obtained at least 80% of their antihyperglycemic medications across a year were at a higher risk of hospitalization in the following year (Lau and Nau, 2004). 1.6.1 Factor Affecting Non-Adherence in Diabetes Mellitus Drug non-adherence is a major concern in patient management, especially in individuals with diabetes, which makes the glycemic control difficult to attain. Adisa et al. (2009) stated that the commonly cited intentional nonadherence practice included dose omission, 70.2%. Almost 50 % respondents were fed up with daily ingestion of drugs and 19.8% of the respondents stated that it was inconvenient to take the medications outside. Furthermore, forgetfulness (49.6%) and high cost of medication (35.5%) were also reasons for non adherence. Another factor that influenced the non adherence were patient-related factors (96%) and health care system-related factors (79%) (Ratsep et al., 2007). Ratsep et al. stated that the patient-related factors include patients awareness regarding diabetes and its complications, patients motivation to change their lifestyle, non-compliance with medical regimen, patients financial problems and their non-attendance. Health care system-related factors include th e lack of special diabetes education for nurses, underfunding and an inadequate number of patients educational materials. 1.7 PHARMACISTS INTERVENTION Health coaching which relies on frequent contact and ongoing intervention has emerged in recent years as part of disease management initiatives (Melko et al., 2010). This has been promoted as an effective method for improving health outcomes and patient compliance with medication. A pilot study done by Melko et al. (2010) has shown that health coaching combined with tools do increased medication adherence. In United States, the adherence to OHA therapy ranged from 36 to 93 % in patients remaining on treatment for 6 to 24 months. Electronic monitoring identified poor compliers for interventions that improved adherence,61 to 79 % (Cramer, 2004). A study has shown that, HbA1c levels decreased significantly in the intervention group after the 4th month and remained lower than in the control group until the 12th month (Scain et al., 2009). Moreover, a decreased of HbA1c by 0.16% was observed with each 10% increased in drug adherence (Schectman et al., 2001). With every 1 % reduction in updated mean HbA1c was associated with reductions in risk of 21 % for any end point related to diabetes, 21 % for deaths related to diabetes, 14 % for myocardial infarction and 37 % for microvascular complications (Stratton et al., 2000). A review of the literature on the role of pharmacists indicates that there is a potential benefit of pharmacist interventions to improve medication adherence in diabetes, especially focusing in providing patient education (Lindenmeyer et al., 2006). A study on Latino patients with uncontrolled diabetes (Hemogloblin A1c ≠¥ 8.0%) showed that intervention from the pharmacist and health promoter team management of uncontrolled diabetes appears to be a feasible approach in order to improve the medication management (Gerber et al., 2009). Marcio Machado and his team found that there is a significant reduction in HbA1c levels in the pharmacists intervention group but not in the control group which is without pharmacists intervention (Machado et al., 2007). In the journal which discussed the role of pharmaceutical care in diabetes management, there were evidences suggesting that the pharmacists efforts in optimizing the pharmacotherapy can prove a valuable component in community-based multi disciplinary diabetes care (Davis et al., 2005). A meta analysis carried out by Conn et al. (2009) which investigated the effectiveness of interventions to improve medication adherence in older adults suggests that interventions increase medication adherence in older adults. The types of interventions include pill count, electronic medication -event monitoring device (MEMS), diabetes education, medication counseling, monitoring and insulin initiation and/or adjustments. In comparison of MEMS and pill count, MEMS data resulted in different numbers and types of recommendations than pill counts (Matsuyama et al., 1993). Hence, the pharmacists then could make specific recommendation regarding patient educations. A Cochrane review stated that almost all of the interventions that were effective for long term care were complex, which include combinations of more convenient care, information, reminders, self-monitoring, reinforcement, counseling, family therapy, psychological therapy, crisis intervention, manual telephone follow-up and supportive care (Haynes et al., 2008). However, there is no conclusion about the effectiveness of the interventions that could lead to large improvement in adherence and treatment outcomes. An earlier meta analysis of studies conducted reported that chronic disease patients including those with diabetes and hypertension, as well as cancer patients and those with mental health problems benefited from interventions such as prescription refills, pill counts and electronic monitoring (Roter et al., 1998). 1.8 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The primary health care settings play an important role in primary steps in order to prevent the development of chronic diseases. In Malaysia, there were a number of people who have chronic diseases that received treatment in the primary health care settings. Hence, research should be carried out in order to assess the medication adherence among diabetic patients in the primary care settings in order to achieve better therapeutic outcome. 1.8.1 General Objective To assess the impact of pharmacist counseling on medication adherence among the diabetic patients in primary care centre 1.8.2 Specific Objectives To assess patients blood glucose level and knowledge, before and after counseling. To evaluate patients medication adherence, before and after intervention. To correlate the medication adherence with counseling.

Changing Gender Roles - The Battle of the Sexes Continues Essay

It is the war of all wars. It’s lasted longer than all the ancient wars, the world wars, and the civil wars of all nations put together. The battle lines have been clearly drawn and the two sides have never rested while on the battlefield. It is the famed â€Å"battle of the sexes† and it is anything but resolved. The war has been happening for a long time, but now it seems to have hit a point where the world wonders what to do now. This is due to the current changes in gender roles which are manipulating society and changing relationships. These changes are both negative and positive; many advances have been made with women finding equality with men, but have traditional values been underestimated? It is a highly controversial and complicated subject that affects virtually all members of society. In order to understand some of the opinions on the topic of gender roles and relationships, it is necessary to understand the definitions of some words as they will be used in this essay. First there are many definitions for the term â€Å"gender.† However, in this paper the words sex and gender will be used interchangeably and refer simply to male and female. Also important to note is that while society has more options than a male and female relationship, the emphasis in this essay is only on heterosexual relationships and the way they are perceived in society. By keeping these basic definitions and ideas in mind, one can understand that the word â€Å"role† refers to the individual’s place in society and position within a relationship. Along with this, the â€Å"traditional roles† would be defined as women being the homemakers while men being the main breadwinners. When labeling traditional roles dealing with dating and rel... ...ana. â€Å"Dating Among College Student Is All But Dead, Survey Finds.† The Chronicle of Higher Education Aug. 10, 2001: 51. Academic Universe. Lexis Nexis. EBSCO Publishing. Colorado State University Lib. Apr. 2003 http://lib.colostate.edu/databases/> Piper, John. What’s the Difference? Manhood and Womanhood Defined According to the Bible. Wheaton: Crossway Books, 1991. Wentworth, Diane Keyser. â€Å"The Role of Househusband and Housewife as Perceived by a College Population.† The Journal of Psychology 2001 (135): 639-650. Academic Search Premeir. EBSCO Publishing. Colorado State University Lib. Mar. 2003 http://lib.colostate.edu/databases/> William, Armstrong. â€Å"Colliding Bodies.† The Washington Times Aug. 11, 2001. Academic Universe. Lexis Nexis. EBSCO Publishing. Colorado State University Lib. Mar. 2003 http://lib.colostate.edu/databases/>

The Death of Marilyn Monroe Essay -- Papers Fame Suicide Famous Essays

The Death of Marilyn Monroe In the world today, we, the public, spend so much time admiring stars from Hollywood and many of us want to be like them. Yet, there is so much pressure placed on them, and some times this becomes all too much for them to cope with and they end up taking away their live. This is the unpleasant and tragic side of being famous as we are all made to believe that fame will make you happy. Edwin Morgan brings this theme into focus in the poem 'The Death of Marilyn Monroe'. He looks at how such a beautiful and worldwide icons such as Marilyn Monroe felt that to get rid of all the pressure that is associated with fame, she needed to commit suicide, which is the unpleasant truth, we the reader have to face while reading this poem. Edwin Morgan looks at this through the exceptional use of personification, symbolism and imagery. This was put to good use as it help me to create an image in my mind about how fame isn't all that it is hyped up to be and that it allows the reader to see the darker side of fame. Marilyn Monroe was the biggest film star in the late 50's. She was portrayed as being a sex symbol on the silver screen. She was a massive icon worldwide and was admired by everyone. Even today people still admire her, 42 years after her death, as she has her image on bags and calendars. Monroe, wasn't your average sex symbol, she wasn't sleazy as she had this child like innocence that so many people admired her for, including women. Edwin Morgan conveys this idea of Monroe being a sex symbol, yet, also being child like, by using a series of rhetorical questions. "What innocence? Whose guilt? What ey... ... people worldwide as they were 'shaken'. They felt that Monroe was part of their family and that the film industry will never be the same without her. Marilyn Monroe had the whole world at her feet, as she was rich and famous. Yet, fame has a darker side. Which makes you depressed and isolated. Fame is like a curse for many famous people and many people end up taking their lives such as Monroe. This gives the reader an insight of what fame is really like and what it gives you. Not money, but isolation and depression. In the end, being rich and famous only makes you unhappy, unlike what the American Dream tells us. Edwin Morgan is showing the reader the darker, more real side of fame. What we are told it is, but that is could end up taking your live away. Which is the price of being famous, that no one should pay.

Vital And Dynamic Characters In A Tale Of Two Cities :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vital and Dynamic Characters in A Tale of Two Cities A dynamic character is one who changes greatly during the course of a novel. There are many fine examples of dynamic characters in all Dickens novels. Three of these characters are Dr. Alexandre Manette, Jerry Cruncher and Sydney Carton. Dynamic characters play a very apparent role in the novel A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dr. Manette starts his life as a young successful man but then is traumatized by imprisonment and again becomes successful with the comfort of, his daughter, Lucie. Lorry rescues Dr. Manette from his prison in St. Antoine and essentially brings him back to life. At first Alexandre seems unstable and much older than his years, but as Lucie nurses him back to life he transforms into the vibrant man missing throughout hers. Doctor Manette has no recollection of his successful past: â€Å"Doctor Manette, formerly of Beauvais . . . the young physician, originally an expert surgeon, who within the last year or two has made a rising reputation in Paris† (298). After his unnecessary imprisonment he is very weak and frail: â€Å"[h]e had put up a hand between his eyes and the light, and the very bones of it seemed transparent† (36). He is found in a dark garret hunched over a cobbler’s bench making shoes to pass time. At first Lucie is apprehensive abo ut approaching her father, but as she observes his actions she is overcome with joy; she has now found her father whom she thought was dead for seventeen years. As he spends more time with Lucie and Miss Pross he gradually gains more and more strength and is beginning to reach his capacities in life. â€Å"This new life of the Doctor’s [is] an anxious life, no doubt; still the sagacious Mr. Lorry [sees] that there was a new sustaining pride in it† (253). The changes in Dr. Manette are not all by his own doing. He started life prosperous and fortunate, and after an ill-fated imprisonment it takes him a long while to accomplish the ability to endure life again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the novel begins, one obtains the idea that Mr. Jerry Cruncher is an evil man, but during the course of the book evident differences are found in both his personality and his actions. One night when he comes home â€Å"he devote[s] himself during the remainder of the evening to keeping a most vigilant watch on Mrs.